Limits and types of slander

1- Types of slanderAlthough, at the beginning it seems that slander is the samementioning hidden faults of others by tongue, but considering its main criterion, it is clarified that slander is an extensive and general concept in view of ethics, including expressing this sense by any means, such as saying, writing, referring and or imitation.

As it is narrated in a tradition: a woman came to ProphetS. A. When she went, Ayesheh referred to her little height by herhand. The Prophet S. A. said: You slandered about her.. [1]

And it is mentioned in another tradition that Ayeshehimitated a woman, and the Prophet S. A. prohibited her.. [2]

It is deduced hereby that when criticizing the thoughts ofothers in the writings, it should be discussed in such a way to avoid slander. When caviling and criticizing the speech of someone, there are often interpretations which are clear senses of slander, disapprobation, mockery, insultation and or humiliation, for example when it is told that phrase is" null by necessity" or" funny" or" childish" or" unwisely", unless its owner is not clear and or humiliating and slandering about him is permitted.

On the other hand, sometimes a man says a speechfi guratively, but there are some evidences that the other party understands. This too is among the senses of slander. Forexample when it is said: Today I was in the meeting, andsomeone told so, while the listener knows in which meeting hehas been.

[1]

Ghazali, Ehyaol Oloum, 541/ 3, Moha jjatol Bisae, 652/ 5

[2]Ghazali ,Ehyahol Oloum ,541 /3