by an old religion. We shall only consider profit and loss of theaction.. [1]

Following this belief, he prescribes a lot of obscene moralitiesand actions for not being harmful for the others( including adultery and homosexuality! if both parties agree ).

Some other materialists like communists believe that most ofancient moral principles have been caused by capitali smeconomy, and since it is abolished, these principles areeliminated, and so they restrict ethic to the affairs which help tocreation or continuation of proletarian revolution( proletariat )!

Thus, we shall see what the evaluation scale in these cases isand how we can recognize that an action has a moral andvirtuous aspect or is immoral and a vice?

If we want to discuss in this regard in religious view, our dutyis exactly clear, because after recognizing Islam's legitimacy andrightfulness for definite reasons, we shall refer to definiteev idences in Quran and practice of the Prophet S. A. forevaluation of principles of moral virtues and vices.

And in intellectual view, we shall consider this principle thatany moral factor supporting man's perfection is a virtue, andany factor degenerating him, is a vice.

But it is noteworthy that a man should not be studied only inview of material aspect and primary requirements in this life. Rather, the spiritual and immaterial aspects in which most ofman's honors are summarized and the material life too is ameans of attainment to it, should be exactly noticed.

Therefore, an evil and undesirable action may not cause anydifficulty for the others, but result in degeneration of the doer in

[1]

Narrated fromthebook, TheWorldwhi chIknow, page 86