نام کتاب : زندگى تحت توفيقات اصول اخلاق نویسنده : مكارم شيرازى، ناصر جلد : 1 صفحه : 37
that is desire and anger powers being controlled by perceptionpower, will
be another virtue. It often happens that a man is brave and for example, is not
afraid unduly in the battle field, but this bravery may be utilized in a wrong
way, like fighting for little and worthless objectives, and this is bravery but
not justice.
But if this bravery is applied for a high and intellectual objective and
mixed with wisdom, justice is achieved.
Studying and criticism
The principles mentioned by previous scholars for morality( good and bad
)and described in the foregoing discussion are not perfect, although they may
seem interesting:
1- There are some good moral habits that placing
them inone of the above quadruple principles seems difficult. Forinstance,
philanthropy and self sacrifice and self devotion, couldbe hardly included
in" chastity", because it is possible that anindividual's desires are
moderate, while he lacks self sacrificeand self devotion and philanthropy. That
is to say he neithera ggresses to the rights of others, nor desires their loss,
but atthe meantime does not have any self- sacrifice and self- devotion.
Moreover, optimism could not be included in" wisdom",
because" optimism" differs with" correct distinction".
Perhaps insist on this quadruple division is caused by theideology of the
ancients who assumed most of world's issuesbased on the number four, and
considered four things as themain elements, and divided body's components
andtemperaments into four. They considered four diseases as theprinciples of
physical diseases, and assumed one of fourtemp eraments for all medicines.
While today it is certain for usthat none of these quadruple divisions are
correct. The same is
نام کتاب : زندگى تحت توفيقات اصول اخلاق نویسنده : مكارم شيرازى، ناصر جلد : 1 صفحه : 37